2 Corinthians 5:19

Authorized King James Version

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To wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; and hath committed unto us the word of reconciliation.

Original Language Analysis

ὡς To wit G5613
ὡς To wit
Strong's: G5613
Word #: 1 of 23
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
ὅτι that G3754
ὅτι that
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 2 of 23
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
θεὸς God G2316
θεὸς God
Strong's: G2316
Word #: 3 of 23
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
ἦν was G2258
ἦν was
Strong's: G2258
Word #: 4 of 23
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 5 of 23
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
Χριστῷ Christ G5547
Χριστῷ Christ
Strong's: G5547
Word #: 6 of 23
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
κόσμον the world G2889
κόσμον the world
Strong's: G2889
Word #: 7 of 23
orderly arrangement, i.e., decoration; by implication, the world (including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))
καταλλάσσων reconciling G2644
καταλλάσσων reconciling
Strong's: G2644
Word #: 8 of 23
to change mutually, i.e., (figuratively) to compound a difference
ἑαυτῷ unto himself G1438
ἑαυτῷ unto himself
Strong's: G1438
Word #: 9 of 23
(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc
μὴ not G3361
μὴ not
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 10 of 23
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
λογιζόμενος imputing G3049
λογιζόμενος imputing
Strong's: G3049
Word #: 11 of 23
to take an inventory, i.e., estimate (literally or figuratively)
αὐτῶν their G846
αὐτῶν their
Strong's: G846
Word #: 12 of 23
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
τὰ G3588
τὰ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 13 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
παραπτώματα trespasses G3900
παραπτώματα trespasses
Strong's: G3900
Word #: 14 of 23
a side-slip (lapse or deviation), i.e., (unintentional) error or (wilful) transgression
αὐτῶν their G846
αὐτῶν their
Strong's: G846
Word #: 15 of 23
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 16 of 23
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
θέμενος hath committed G5087
θέμενος hath committed
Strong's: G5087
Word #: 17 of 23
to place (in the widest application, literally and figuratively; properly, in a passive or horizontal posture, and thus different from g2476, which pr
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 18 of 23
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
ἡμῖν us G2254
ἡμῖν us
Strong's: G2254
Word #: 19 of 23
to (or for, with, by) us
τὸν G3588
τὸν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 20 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
λόγον the word G3056
λόγον the word
Strong's: G3056
Word #: 21 of 23
something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse), also reasoning (the mental faculty) or motive; by extension, a
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 22 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
καταλλαγῆς of reconciliation G2643
καταλλαγῆς of reconciliation
Strong's: G2643
Word #: 23 of 23
exchange (figuratively, adjustment), i.e., restoration to (the divine) favor

Analysis & Commentary

To wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himselfHōs hoti Theos ēn en Christō kosmon katallassōn heautō (ὡς ὅτι θεὸς ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ κόσμον καταλλάσσων ἑαυτῷ). Hōs hoti (ὡς ὅτι, "namely that, to wit") introduces content of reconciliation message. Theos ēn en Christō (θεὸς ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ, "God was in Christ")—the incarnation's mystery: God reconciling through God-in-human-flesh. Kosmon (κόσμον, "world") is cosmic scope—not just Jews but all humanity. Present participle katallassōn (καταλλάσσων) suggests ongoing process—reconciliation accomplished in Christ's death, applied through gospel proclamation.

Not imputing their trespasses unto themMē logizomenos autois ta paraptōmata autōn (μὴ λογιζόμενος αὐτοῖς τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτῶν). Logizomai (λογίζομαι) is accounting term—"to reckon, credit, charge." God does NOT charge sins to humanity's account. Paraptōmata (παραπτώματα, "trespasses, transgressions") are willful violations. This is forensic justification—sins credited to Christ (v. 21), righteousness credited to believers (Romans 4:3-8). And hath committed unto us the word of reconciliationkai themenos en hēmin ton logon tēs katallagēs (καὶ θέμενος ἐν ἡμῖν τὸν λόγον τῆς καταλλαγῆς). Themenos (θέμενος, aorist participle of τίθημι, "placed, entrusted") indicates sacred deposit—gospel message entrusted to believers for proclamation.

Historical Context

The concept of not imputing trespasses was revolutionary in honor-shame cultures that demanded vengeance for wrongs. Paul announces cosmic amnesty—God absorbs offense rather than extracting payment from offenders. This reflected God's character revealed in Christ: enemy-love, substitutionary suffering, grace that justifies the ungodly (Romans 4:5).

Questions for Reflection

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